ABSTRACT
Acute viral hepatitis A has recently become a major public health problem in Korea, and the incidence of symptomatic hepatitis A is growing rapidly. With improvements in socioeconomic conditions and environmental hygiene, the chances of exposure to hepatitis A virus (HAV) during childhood have decreased and, in turn, the proportion of young adults with positive anti-HAV has significantly decreased. This has led to the incidence of symptomatic acute hepatitis A increasing since the late 1990s. The incidence of serious complications including fulminant hepatic failure and acute kidney injury has also showed an increasing trend. Variation of the genotype of virus isolated from recent hepatitis A patients suggests an inflow of the hepatitis virus from other countries. In this review article, we present the situation and epidemiology of hepatitis A in Korea, and recommend further investigation and policies for vaccination on a national level.
Subject(s)
Humans , Acute Disease , Genotype , Hepatitis A/complications , Hepatitis A Antibodies/analysis , Incidence , Acute Kidney Injury/etiology , Liver Failure, Acute/etiology , Vaccines, Inactivated/pharmacologyABSTRACT
La vacuna oral antipoliomielítica elaborada con virus vivos atenuados es actualmente la de elección en México. En 1978 van Wezel incrementó la antigenicidad de la vacuna elaborada con virus inactivados por rayos ultravioleta, a la cual se denominó vacuna de potencia incrementada (elPV, enhanced inactivated polio vaccine). Existe clara evidencia en países europeos de que también con esta última se obtiene una protección adecuada, lo que ha permitido considerarla como una alternativa en los esquemas de inmunización. Se describen las dos vacunas, oral y elPV, los esquemas de inmunización que actualmente se proponen y sus ventajas y desventajas
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Poliomyelitis/immunology , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Vaccines, Inactivated/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Inactivated/pharmacology , Mexico , Immunization ScheduleABSTRACT
Effect of beta propiolactone [BPL] as inactivating material on different strains of Newcastle disease virus [NDV] [velogenic, mesogenic, lentogenic, La Sota and B1] was investigated. Oil adjuvant inactivated vaccine inactivated with BPL was prepared using La Sota strain of NDV. The end concentration of BPL vaccine was 0.2%. The prepared vaccine proved to be sterile and safe as controlled, respectively, by bacteriological test and inoculation into embryonated chicken eggs and 5-week old chickens. The immune response HA titer of chickens inoculated s.c. with BPL inactivated oil adjuvant NSD vaccine at 7-week old, gradually increased for the 1st week, reached maximum at the 4th week after inoculation [GM 7.1], then gradually dropped to 6.4 at the 6th week post vaccination [PV]. Challenge test at 3 weeks and 6 weeks PV resulted in 100% protection in vaccinated chicks challenged 3 weeks PV and 90% protection in vaccinated chicks challenged 6 weeks PV
Subject(s)
Vaccines, Inactivated/pharmacologyABSTRACT
Cytogenetic effects of the two inactivated viral vaccines (polio and antirabies) were studied in adult male mice by the micronucleus test. Polio salk vaccine did not induce micronuclei formation at both human (0.5 ml) and 1/5th human doses. Antirabies vaccine induced micronuclei in poly and total erythrocytes only at human dose of 2 ml. Beta-propiolactone (BPL) induced micronuclei at higher dose of 5.7 mg, but not at 0.57 mg (approximate concentration present in 2 ml of rabies vaccine). The P/N ratio was not affected in vaccinated and BPL inoculated animals. Antirabies vaccine induced micronuclei percentage was more than the BPL value.